Prestack data enhancement with phase corrections in time-frequency domain guided by local multidimensional stacking     

Andrey Bakulin  Dmitri Neklyudov  Ilya Silvestrov 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(6):1811-1818

We present a new approach to enhancing weak prestack reflection signals without sacrificing higher frequencies. As a first step, we employ known multidimensional local stacking to obtain an approximate ‘model of the signal’. Guided by phase spectra from this model, we can detect very weak signals and make them visible and coherent by ‘repairing’ corrupted phase of original data. Both presented approaches – phase substitution and phase sign corrections – show good performance on complex synthetic and field data suffering from severe near-surface scattering where conventional processing methods are rendered ineffective. The methods are mathematically formulated as a special case of time-frequency masking (common in speech processing) combined with the signal model from local stacking. This powerful combination opens the avenue for a completely new family of approaches for multi-channel seismic processing that can address seismic processing of land data with nodes and single sensors in the desert environment.  相似文献   

A high-precision time–frequency analysis for thin hydrocarbon reservoir identification based on synchroextracting generalized S-transform     

Ying Hu  Hui Chen  Hongyan Qian  Xinyue Zhou  Yuanjun Wang  Bin Lyu 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(3):941-954

Improving the seismic time–frequency resolution is a crucial step for identifying thin reservoirs. In this paper, we propose a new high-precision time–frequency analysis algorithm, synchroextracting generalized S-transform, which exhibits superior performance at characterizing reservoirs and detecting hydrocarbons. This method first calculates time–frequency spectra using generalized S-transform; then, it squeezes all but the most smeared time–frequency coefficients into the instantaneous frequency trajectory and finally obtains highly accurate and energy-concentrated time–frequency spectra. We precisely deduce the mathematical formula of the synchroextracting generalized S-transform. Synthetic signal examples testify that this method can correctly decompose a signal and provide a better time–frequency representation. The results of a synthetic seismic signal and real seismic data demonstrate that this method can identify some reservoirs with thincknesses smaller than a quarter wavelength and can be successfully applied for hydrocarbon detection. In addition, examples of synthetic signals with different levels of Gaussian white noise show that this method can achieve better results under noisy conditions. Hence, the synchroextracting generalized S-transform has great application prospects and merits in seismic signal processing and interpretation.  相似文献   

规则池塘群的复杂直线模式识别     

刘呈熠  武芳  巩现勇  行瑞星  罗登瀚 《测绘学报》2020,49(2):256-266

针对现有面要素直线模式识别方法难以解决规则池塘中破碎区域的问题,提出了一种规则池塘群的复杂直线模式识别方法。首先,分析了规则池塘群的空间特征和认知特点,提出了“主次关系→并列关系→直线模式→复杂直线模式”的多层次认知顺序;其次,设计了主次关系池塘组、并列关系池塘组、直线模式池塘群的识别方法;最后,构建了复杂直线模式池塘群的识别模型。试验表明:本文方法能够消除破碎区域对规则池塘群直线模式提取的不利影响,有效提升复杂直线模式识别的质量。  相似文献   

A high accurate automated first-break picking method for seismic records from high-density acquisition in areas with a complex surface     

Yinpo Xu  Cheng Yin  Xuefeng Zou  Yudong Ni  Yingjie Pan  Liangjun Xu 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(4):1228-1252

As the application of high-density high-efficiency acquisition technology becomes more and more wide, the areas with complex surface conditions gradually become target exploration areas, and the first-break picking work of massive low signal-to-noise ratio data is a big challenge. The traditional method spends a lot of manpower and time to interactively pick first breaks, a large amount of interactive work affects the accuracy and efficiency of picking. In order to overcome the shortcoming that traditional methods have weak anti-noise to low signal-to-noise ratio primary wave, this paper proposes a high accurate automated first-break picking method for low signal-to-noise ratio primary wave from high-density acquisition in areas with a complex surface. Firstly, this method determines first-break time window using multi-azimuth spatial interpolation technology; then it uses the improved clustering algorithm to initially pick first breaks and then perform multi-angle comprehensive quality evaluation to first breaks according to the following sequence: ‘single trace → spread → single shot → multiple shots’ to identify the abnormal first breaks; finally it determines the optimal path through the constructed evaluation function and using the ant colony algorithm to correct abnormal first breaks. Multi-azimuth time window spatial interpolation technology provides the base for accurately picking first-break time; the clustering algorithm can effectively improve the picking accuracy rate of low signal-to-noise ratio primary waves; the multi-angle comprehensive quality evaluation can accurately and effectively eliminate abnormal first breaks; the ant colony algorithm can effectively improve the correction quality of low signal-to-noise ratio abnormal first breaks. By example analysis and comparing with the commonly used Akaike Information Criterion method, the automated first-break picking theory and technology studied in this paper has high picking accuracy and the ability to stably process low signal-to-noise ratio seismic data, has a significant effect on seismic records from high-density acquisition in areas with a complex surface and can meet the requirements of accuracy and efficiency for massive data near-surface modelling and statics calculation.  相似文献   

高铁震源地震信号的挤压时频分析应用          下载免费PDF全文

王晓凯  陈文超  温景充  宁杰远  李嘉琪 《地球物理学报》2019,62(6):2328-2335

我国每天有数千趟高铁列车驰骋在纵横交错的高铁线路上,构成了十分理想的均布震源,但寻找适合高铁震源地震信号的处理方法是充分挖掘信息的关键.传统的频谱分析结果表明高铁震源所产生的地震信号具有明显的窄带分立谱特征,但无法精确获得高铁震源地震信号的时频变化规律.本文首次将挤压时频分析这种分析工具引入到高铁震源地震信号处理中,对中国南方某高铁沿线采集到的高铁震源地震数据进行了分析.处理结果表明:利用挤压时频分析能够更加精确地刻画频率成分随时间的变化,能够利用单检波器精确刻画高铁列车的运行状态(匀速、加速等);同时利用挤压时频变换还可高精度地重构出所需频带的信号,为提取高铁震源地震信号的特征成分提供了一种有力工具.  相似文献   

Three-parameter Radon transform in layered transversely isotropic media     

Mohammad Mahdi Abedi  Mohammad Ali Riahi  Alexey Stovas 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(2):395-407

Radon transform is a powerful tool with many applications in different stages of seismic data processing, because of its capability to focus seismic events in the transform domain. Three-parameter Radon transform can optimally focus and separate different seismic events, if its basis functions accurately match the events. In anisotropic media, the conventional hyperbolic or shifted hyperbolic basis functions lose their accuracy and cannot preserve data fidelity, especially at large offsets. To address this issue, we propose an accurate traveltime approximation for transversely isotropic media with vertical symmetry axis, and derive two versions of Radon basis functions, time-variant and time-invariant. A time-variant basis function can be used in time domain Radon transform algorithms while a time-invariant version can be used in, generally more efficient, frequency domain algorithms. Comparing the time-variant and time-invariant Radon transform by the proposed basis functions, the time-invariant version can better focus different seismic events; it is also more accurate, especially in presence of vertical heterogeneity. However, the proposed time-invariant basis functions are suitable for a specific type of layered anisotropic media, known as factorized media. We test the proposed methods and illustrate successful applications of them for trace interpolation and coherent noise attenuation.  相似文献   

Seismic receiver coupling to the seafloor     

Marcus Landschulze 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(6):1571-1581

The presence of geophysical receivers on the seafloor changes the local wave field due to the receiver seafloor interaction. The resulting PP- and PS-wave distortion of the wave field is often referred to as receiver coupling to the seafloor and can make data processing challenging and sometimes impossible. This paper provides an overview of the mathematical approaches to describe receiver coupling, how to estimate receiver coupling and what the difficulties and possible solutions are. The first section shows how the mathematical approach developed from a simple model considering only the vertical receiver component to include all three receiver components and their interactions with the seafloor. In the second section, I show how receiver coupling can be measured and how it can be improved using mathematical and data-driven approaches.  相似文献   

Prediction of signatures of airgun arrays using dual near-field hydrophones     

Maksym Kryvohuz  Xander Campman 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(6):1522-1546

Successful estimation of airgun-array signatures from near-field measurements depends on the accuracy of poorly controlled model parameters such as the effective sea surface reflection coefficient and source depth. We propose a method for prediction of robust source signatures, which are insensitive to fluctuations of the latter parameters. The method uses vertical pairs of near-field hydrophones to measure near-field pressure and its vertical gradient, combination of which eliminates sea surface reflections from the near-field data. This excludes the uncertainty related to the fluctuating sea state and source depth from the process of inversion of the near-field data for source signature. The method explicitly separates the recorded near-field pressure into its up and down going components, which allows one to measure the effective frequency- and angle-dependent sea surface reflection coefficient right at the source, as well as to estimate the actual source depth. Tests on synthetic and field data demonstrate robust performance of the method.  相似文献   

基于SSW点云数据的矢量地图平面精度自动校验方法     

羌鑫林  李广伟  王留召  张伟红 《测绘通报》2019,(3):98-102

常规的矢量地图精度校验采用抽样与实地测量，外业工作量大，自动化程度低。针对这一问题，本文提出基于SSW激光点云数据的矢量地图平面精度自动校验方法。首先，使用车载激光扫描器获得道路两侧高精度点云数据，并对点云数据进行滤波、坐标转换和精度检验；其次，基于多特征识别算法，使用SWDY软件提取点云特征点线；最后，利用最近邻法搜索待检矢量图中的同类地物特征点线，并计算匹配点线对的中误差。以兴化城区为试验区，采用该方法检测该地区1：1000比例尺的矢量地图平面精度，试验结果显示，成功匹配了点云数据205个地物特征中的201个，矢量地图的总体中误差为0.26 m，且能够发现待检测矢量地图中的采集丢漏与明显错误。本文方法可以减少现有检测方法的野外实测工作量，增加检测样本数量，降低检测过程中的人为干扰因素，有效提升检测的可靠性与检测效率。  相似文献   

Feasibility of signal enhancement with multiple grounded‐wire sources for a frequency‐domain electromagnetic survey          下载免费PDF全文

Haigen Zhou  Yao Yao  Changsheng Liu  Jun Lin  Lili Kang  Gang Li  Xinsen Zeng 《Geophysical Prospecting》2018,66(4):818-832

Frequency‐domain electromagnetic methods with a grounded‐wire source are powerful tools in geophysical exploration. However, the signal may be too weak to guarantee the quality of survey data in complex electromagnetic environments, especially when the receiver is located in the air for the newly developed grounded‐source airborne frequency‐domain electromagnetic method. In this paper, a signal enhancement method with multiple sources is proposed to solve this problem. To evaluate the signal enhancement effect, we compared the signals generated by a single source and multiple sources with equal electric moment. The signal differences caused by synchronisation error and separation distance between source elements were analysed, and the methods to achieve maximum signal were introduced. Besides, we discussed the interaction between adjacent source elements to ensure the system safety, including the changes in output current and the safe distance between two sources using a dual‐source model. Lastly, a comprehensive field experiment was designed and conducted to test the multiple‐source method. The data processing results are comparable for single and dual sources, and the signal‐to‐noise ratio of dual source is higher in the field test. The subsurface resistivity structure at the test site is consistent with the previous controlled‐source audio‐frequency magnetotellurics method. These results show that signal enhancement with multiple sources is feasible. This study provides guidance to the application of multiple sources in field surveys when the survey environment is complex and rigorous.  相似文献